Futhark eventually got replaced with Latin letters when the Nordic countries became Christians.
10 Old Norse Words You Didn't Know You Knew - Approaching Epic Yiddish, The lowercase (minuscule) version has retained the curved shape of a medieval scribe's d, which d itself in general has not. harrr adj hard in council; ruthless; tyrannical, harskeytr adj hard shooting, of an archer, hausta <-a> vb (1) to draw near to autumn, Hkon <-ar> m Hakon (personal name); Hkon jarl Grjtgarsson m Earl Hakon, son of Grjotgard, Stone-Fence; Hkon Hlaajarl Hakon, Earl of Lade, Hlfdanr <-ar> m Halfdan (personal name); Hlfdanr svarti Halfdan the Black, 9th century Norwegian king and father of Harald Shaggyhair/Fairhair, hr
adj high, tall, long; loud, HrmHigh, one of the three interrogators of King Gylfi, hsti n high-seat, throne, seat of honor, htt adv loudly; hafa htt make an outcry, hean (also han) adv from here, hence; hean af from now on, henceforth, Heinn (also Hinn) m Hedin (personal name); Hinn Hjarrandason m Hedin Hjarrandis son, hefja vb (VI)to lift up, raise, heave; hence to begin, esp hefja upp + acc [hefja upp kvi to begin to recite a poem]; to hold, open an event [hefja blt hold sacrifices, begin the season of sacrifices], hefna <-di, -dr> vb (2) [w gen] to avenge, take revenge, Heiarbr (also Heia(r)br)mHedeby (place name) trade center in Denmark, heiinn adj heathen, pagan, heir f heath, moor, Heirn m Heidrun, goat that gives mead in Valhll, heilagr adj holy; protected, heill adj hale, sound, healthy, unscathed; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete, heim adv home, homeward (motion toward), Heimdallr <-s> m watchman god, who guards the rainbow-bridge; one of the sir, Heimskringla f Orb of the World, work by Snorri Sturluson, heimta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to recover; claim, heita vb (VII) to call, give a name to; call, call on; (intrans w pres heitir) be called, be named; [w dat] promise, hel f Hel, realm of the dead, separate from Valhalla, and ruled over by a goddess of the same name; death; ljsta hel to strike into hel, heldr comp adv rather; [after neg] on the contrary; heldr vi aldr rather old, on in years, Helgadalr <-s> m Helgadal (place name) Helgis Valley, hella f flat stone, slate, hellusteinn m flat slab of rock, flagstone, helmingr m half; helminga in halves; equally, helzt superl adv most rather, most of all, henda vb (2) to catch, pick up, reach; henda [e-t] augum catch [sth]; henda mikit gaman at [e-u] take great interest in [sth], Hengjankjapta f Hengjankjapta, giantess killed by Thor, heppinn adj lucky, fortunate; Leifr inn heppni Leif the Lucky, hepta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to bind, fetter; hold back, restrain, hera (also hra) n district, country, herar f pl shoulders, upper part of back, herja <-a-> vb (1) to raid, harry; make war, Herjlfsfjrr m Herjolfsfjord (place name), Herjlfs Fjord, Herjlfsnes n Herjolfsnes (place name), Herjolfs Headland, Herjlfssonar m gen of the son of Herjolf, Herlu-Bjarni Arnfinnsson m Herlu-Bjarni, son of Arnfinn (personal name), hersir <-is, -ar> m regional military leader in Norway; chieftain; hersins m sing gen of the leader, heygja <-i, -r> vb (2) to bury in a mound, Himinbjrg n pl Himinbjorg, place where Bifrst enters sgarr, himinn m sky; heaven, hingat (also hegat) adv to here, hither; hingat til hitherto, up to this time, until now, hinn dem pron the other one; hinn ftinn on the other foot, hirf kings or earls bodyguard; the kings men, retainers, hira <-ri, -rr> vb (2) to mind, care for, hide, conceal; keep in a box or chest, hirmar (pl hirmenn) m kings man, retainer, hitta <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to meet with, hit upon; hit; hittask mid meet one another, HjararholtnHjardarholt, Herds Hill (place name), hj prep [w dat] by, near, beside; with, at ones place; in comparison with, hjlpa vb (III) [w dat] to help, save, hjrtr m hart, stag, hlaupa vb (VII) to leap, spring; run; hlaupa at [e-m] leap at, assault [sb], Hleiargarr m Hleiargard, the court of Hrolf kraki, Hleira (Hleir) m modern Lejre in Denmark; royal seat of king Hrolf Kraki, Hliskjlf f Hlidskjalf, the seat on which Odin sits in his hall Valaskjlf, Hlarendi m Hlidarendi, Slopes End (place name), hlf f shield, cover, protection, hlfa <-i, -t> vb (2) [w dat] to protect, shelter; show mercy, Hlfsteinn <-s> m Hlifstein (personal name), hljta vb (II) to be allocated, receive, hlutr <-ar, -ir> m lot; thing; share, allotment; part, hlja vb (VII) to laugh, hnga vb (I)to sink, fall gently, hnka <-i~ti, -r~tr> vb (2) to sit cowering, hnykkja <-ti, -tr> vb (2) [w dat] to pull violently, yank, hof n temple (frequently a name for a farm), holt n wood, forest; rough stony hill or ridge, hon pron she, horfa <-i, horft> vb (2) to turn, look (in a particular direction); horfa [e-t] look at [sth], hll (var of hvll) <-s, -ar> m hill, hillock, knoll, Hlmfastr <-s> m Holmfast (personal name), Hlmgarr <-s> m Holmgard (place name, modern Novgorod), Hlmgautr <-s> m Holmgaut (personal name), Hlmgeirr <-s> m Holmgeir (personal name), Hreimarr <-s> m Hreidmar (personal name); the father of Otr, Fafnir and Regin, Hringarki n Hringariki (place name) Ringerike, hr f time, while; storm or tempest; attack, battle; litla hr for a little while, Hrgeirr <-s> m Hrodgeir (personal name), Hrlfr <-s> m Hrolf (personal name); Hrlfr kraki Hrolf Kraki, legendary Danish king, hrsa <-a-> vb (1)[w dat] to praise; boast (of), Hrungnir <-s> m Hrungnir, giant killed by Thor with his hammer, Hrtsstair m Hrutsstadir (place name) Hruts Farmstead, hrynja vb (III) to fall, collapse; flow, stream; fall loosely (of clothing); ltum und honum hrynja lukla let keys jingle about him; hrynja hla [e-m] shut the door on [sb], hr n dead body, corpse, carrion, hra <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2)[w acc] to frighten; hrask mid be frightened; hrask [e-t] be afraid of [sth], hrkkva vb (VII) to fall back, recoil, hugr m mind; mood, heart, temper, hugsjkr adj distressed, anxious, worried, hundra n hundred (usu followed by noun in gen) (tlfrtt hundra = 120, trtt hundra = 100), hungr <-rs> m (n in younger texts) hunger; svelta hungri starve, die of hunger, hsbndi m husband; master of the house (from hs + bndi), hsfreyja (also hsfreyja) f housewife, lit house-lady, hskarlm servant,farmhand, houseman [house-carle]; kings man, retainer, follower, hvalnum dat sg w art hvalr + inum, the whale, hvalr m whale, hvar interrog adv where; hvar sem wherever, hvargi adv everywhere; hvargi sem wherever, wheresoever, hvass adj sharp, keen, hvll (also hll) <-s, -ar> m hill, hillock, knoll, hvrgi adj pron neither (of two); conj hvrkin neithernor, hvrr interrog pron who, which (of two); indef pron each (of two), hvrt interrog adv whether; hvrt sem~hvrt er conj whether, hveim dat of a defective pron to whom, for whom, hverfa vb (III)to be lost, be missing; disappear, Hvergelmir m Hvergelmir Seething Well, home of Nihggr and source of the rivers in Niflheimr, hvergi (also hverrgi) pron each, every one, hvergi (also hverrgi) adv nowhere; [w gen] nowhere on; hverrgi var nowhere was, hverr interrog pron who?, which? Oh inle os ikkie i frestalsan utan frels os ifra ondo. The term Old Norse embraces Old Norwegian as well as Old Icelandic Grammatically, the Old Norse language remained remarkably stable for 200 years. Been a fan of water other than regular old water or Silicon Valley English, Norn, The Old Norse dictionary below (from Viking Language 1) compiles everything you need to read the sagas in their original language. Vikings came from Scandinavia and spoke a language called Old Norse. Filters. On ChromeOS with 'extended keyboard' Chrome extension, AltGr+D will result in being displayed; Shift+AltGr+D will result in . Norwegian, In the Prose Edda this is the name of an old woman (old age personified) who wrestles with and defeats the god Thor. Learning materials, Information about Old Norse To this day, the regional distribution of the language can still be seen in the similarities between Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. avg rating 4.03 2,706 ratings published 1240. google_ad_client = "pub-9241470791040687"; Transylvanian Saxon, A god is named Thor. Eth (//, uppercase: , lowercase: ; also spelled edh or e), known as t in Old English,[1] is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called edd), Khmer and Elfdalian. If the following encodings are used instead, you may encounter display problems: Language Tags allow browsers and other software to process text more efficiently. Just use whatever key-bind your computer has set up to flip between keyboards and youll be good to go. The Nordic runes were the written alphabet of Old Norse, the language of the Vikings. Online Keyboard to type the Runic characters of the Elder Futhark alphabet (fuark) Symbol Codes | Icelandic, Faeroese, Old Norse Skie in uilie so som i himmalan so oh bo iordanne. To type directly with the computer keyboard: Type a=, e=, i=, o=, u=, y= to add a macron: , . If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or by contributing in other ways. If you use long marks, Unicode (utf-8) is the required encoding for Web sites. Runic inscriptions, which include our oldest sources of Old Norse, are widely attested in the North Germanic linguistic area. Old Norse is a member of the Germanic family of languages, which also includes English, German, and several other languages that are widely spoken today. The Scandinavian-specifc variants are called FUTHARK, getting the name from the first letters of their alphabet (F, U, , A, R, K). Younger Fuark: ( ) Norwegian and Old Norse: The Similarities and the Differences Thor also has a carriage that flies. Danish, 38. Abstract. Preterite-Present Verbs: are named so because their present tense looks like the past tense of strong verbs. However, Old Norse is also used more narrowly as a label for the language we find in Norwegian and Icelandic manuscripts, which date from the . Old Norse : Department of Scandinavian, UC Berkeley This section presents information specific to Latin. The ogonek (/ n k,- k /; Polish: [nk], "little tail", diminutive of ogon) is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in several European languages, and directly under a vowel in several Native American languages.It is also placed on the lower right corner of consonants in some Latin transcriptions of various . 10. Swedish, $5 (0) in stock. AD 1000. ETA: I took my keyboard down due to dropbox limits and other concerns, but if you want it I can send it to you if you give me your email address. Norse mythology refers to the Scandinavian mythological framework that was upheld during and around the time of the Viking Age (c. 790- c. 1100 CE). Mjlnir - a tribal font inspired by the nordic runes and the viking era. Icelandic, Luxembourgish, You can switch to or the US/ABC Extended keyboard and use these additional accent codes. Is there a Norse keyboard? - Quora Apple has provided additional keyboards which allow you to enter Old English characters via Unicode. Old Norse | Can Norwegian, Danish and Icelandic speakers - YouTube Note: These work only in Word 2003+ for Windows. categories. Tower of Babel | ; indef pron each, every, all; geyja at hverjum manni, bark at each man, hvert adv to where, whither; hvert er whithersoever, hvetja vb (3) to whet, sharpen; encourage, hvtr adj white, hyggja vb (3) to think, believe; hyggja at [e-u] look at, consider [sth], hylja vb (3) to bury, cover over, conceal, hide, Hyrrokkin f Hyrrokkin, a giantess killed by Thor, htta <-tti, -tt> vb [w dat] (2) to risk, stake, hgri comp adj of hgr right; on the right; the right hand, hla <-di, hlt> vb (4) [w dat] to praise, flatter, boast of, hfingi m leader; chieftain; captain, hfn f holding, possession; harbor, hfu n head, hgg n blow, stroke, chop; beheading, execution, hggva vb (VII) to strike (a blow), chop, hack, hew, hggvi 3sg/pl subjunct of hggva; dat sg of hgg, hll f hall, hnd f hand; af hendi [e-s] on behalf of [sb], Hra-Kntr <-s> m Horda-Knut (personal name), Hskuldsstair m pl Hoskuldsstadir Hoskulds Farmstead (place name), Httr m Hott (personal name) Hood (the Masked One), illa adv badly, ill, illr adj bad, evil, Ingibjrg f Ingibjorg (personal name); Ingibjrg Hrgeirsdttir ins hvta Ingibjorg, daughter of Hrodgeir the White, Ingjaldr <-s> m Ingjald (personal name); Ingjaldr tryggvi Ingjald the True, inn adv in, into (motion toward), inna <-ti, -tr> relate, tell; inna til [e-s] make mention of [sb], innan prep [w gen] within; inside, indoors; innan adv from within, outward, innanlands adv within the land, at home (as opposed to abroad), prep [w acc] into (motion); during (time); [w dat] in, within, at (position), jafna <-a-> vb (1) to smooth, even out, tidy, trim; make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna [e-u] til [e-s] liken [sth] to [sth], jafnberr adj equally exposed, naked, or unprotected, jafndjpvitr adj as deep-witted, as deep-scheming, as resourceful, Jafnhr m Just-as-High, one of three interrogators of King Gylfi, jartegn n token, evidence, proof (of a thing), Jfrr f Jofrid (personal name), jl n pl Yule, Yuletide, great midwinter feast in heathen times, later applied to Christmas, Jtland n Jutland (place name); Jtlandshaf Jutland Sea, Kattegat, jkull m glacier; ice; icicle, jr f earth; land, ground, Jr f Earth, as goddess and mother of Thor, JrmungandrmJormungand, name of the Midgard Serpent, the world serpent, jtunn m giant, kaall m cable, twisted rope, kala vb (VI) impers [w acc] to freeze, kanna <-a-> vb (1) to search, explore, find out about; to know, recollect; kannask vi [e-t] recognize [sth], karl <-s, -ar> m man; old man; orsteinn karl old Thorstein, old man Thorstein, Kri Slmundarson m Kari Solmundarson (personal name), kenna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to know, recognize; feel; attribute; teach, kennimar <-manns, -menn> m priest, cleric; lit teacher, ketill m kettle, cauldron, pot, Kjallandi f Kjallandi, a giant killed by Thor, kjsa vb (VII) to choose, Kjtvi m Kjotvi (personal name); Kjtvi inn augi Kjotvi the wealthy, klaka <-a-> vb (1) to titter, chatter (as birds), Klakk-Haraldr <-s> m Klakk-Harald (personal name), KlifshagimKlifshagi (place name), Cliff Meadow, klfa vb (I)to climb, kljfa vb (II) to cleave, split, kn defective pret-pres vb tobe able to, can; could, kneyfa <-i, -r> vb (2) to drink in large gulps, Kntr <-s> m Knut (personal name); Kntr inn rki, King Canute the Great, knja vb (3) to knock (at the door); press, urge on, compel, force; knjask mid struggle on, knrr m ship; merchant vessel, koma vb (IV) to come; koma at come to, arrive; koma at [e-u] come across, arrive at [sth]; koma samt me eim they agreed; koma endr at regain; komask mid make ones way, kostr m choice; opportunity; match; state, condition; cost, expense; at rum kosti else, otherwise, krs f delicacy, dainty (of food), krefja vb (3) to crave, claim, demand; krefja [e-t] [e-s] demand [sth] of [sb], krjpa vb (II) to creep; crouch, Krossavk f Krossavik, Cross Bay or Inlet, presumably an inlet where a cross was erected, a farmstead, kumbl n burial monument, mound or cairn (frequently used on Danish and Swedish rune stones in the plural), kunna pret-pres vb to know, understand; to be able orcan do sth, know how to; feel (an emotion), kunnigr adj known; wise; versed in magic, kussari m corsair (corsairs were pirates who operated along the Barbary Coast of North Africa), kvnga <-a-> vb cause (a man) to marry; kvngask mid marry (of a man), take a wife, kvngar ppart of kvnga(m nom sg), married (of a man), kvea vb (V) to speak, say; recite verse; kvea fix, determine; kvea vi reply; kveask mid say of oneself; declare, kveld n evening; at kveldi at nightfall, kvelda <-a-> vb (1) [impers] to become evening, Kveld-lfr <-s> m Kveld-Ulf, Night Wolf (personal name); Kveld-lfsson Son of Kveld-Ulf, kyn n kin; kindred, family descent group, kr f cow, krtr m short, stocky man (nickname), kttr m cat, landnmsmar m settler, lit land-take-man (the term refers to both women and men), landsmar m countryman, inhabitant or native of a country, landsrttr m the law of the land, customary rights, langeldar m pl long fires (down the middle of a hall), langfegar m pl forefathers, ancestors (through the fathers line), langr adj long (of distance and time), Laufey f goddess, known only as mother of Loki, laug f bath; hot spring, lausafnmovable property, chattels, possessions, as opposed to lands or even to land and cattle, lausung f lying, falsehood, Laxrdalr m Laxardal, Salmon River Valley, lta vb (VII) to let, allow, permit; put, place, set; behave; lta fram let go, yield, hand over; lta sem pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if; [w infin] have something done; ppart dead, deceased, leggja vb (3) to lay, place, put; appoint, fix; stab, thrust; leggja impose; leggja fr withdraw; leggja spnu smash into pieces; leggja til attack (by stabbing); leggja til baraga attack; leggja til [e-s] me [e-u] attack [sb] with [sth]; leggja undir sik conquer; lfit leggja lay down ones life; leggjask mid lay, set oneself; leggjask [e-t] prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc), fall upon, attack [sth]; leggjask nir lay oneself down; leggjask t set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw), leggr <-jar, -ir> m leg; leggr ok lir every limb, leifa <-i, -r> vb (2) to leave, leave as heritage; to leave behind, abandon, relinquish, leika vb (VII) to play; leika sr play, leita <-a-> vb (1) [w gen] to seek, search for; proceed on a journey, leka vb (IV) to drip, dribble, leak, lemja vb (3) to maim, lendr adj describes one who has received a grant of land from a king, landed; lendr mar landholder, lengi adv long, for a long time, lengr comp adv of lengilonger (time), for a longer time, lengra comp adv of lengi longer (distance), farther, lengst superl adv longest, for the longest time, lesa vb (V) to gather; read, leyfa <-i, -r> vb (2) [w dat] to permit, allow, leyna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to hide, conceal; leynask mid hide oneself, be concealed; leynask burt steal away, leave, Lttfeti m Light-Foot (mythological name) horse of the sir and jtunn name, lir m joint, lifa <-i, lifat> vb (4) to live; to be left; to burn, to be lively (of fire); to kindle; lifa vi [e-t] to live on [sth], feed on [sth], liggja vb (V) to lie; be situated, Livsteinn <-s> m Livstein (personal name), la vb (I) to pass (usu of time); la at draw toward (of time); sem lei at jlum as time passed toward Yule, lf (also lfi) n life; lfit leggja lay down ones life, lka <-a-> vb (1) impers [w dat subj] to like, be pleasing (to one), lknsamastr superl adj of lknsamr most merciful, lkr adj like, resembling; probable; promising, lna f bowline, rope; line; bridal veil, (see also ln), Lnakradalr <-s> m Linakradale (place name), Valley of Linen Fields, lta vb (I) to look; lta [e-t] look at [sth]; mid ltask [e-m] appear (seem) to [sb], ltill adj little; litla hr for a little while; litlu sar(r) a little later, lj vb (3) [w gen] to lend; lj [e-m] [e-s] lend [sb] [sth], ljahttr m Chant-meter, type of verse, ljsta vb (II) to strike; ljsta hel to strike into hel [the realm of the dead], ljga vb (II) to lie, tell a lie; fail, lobrk also lobrkkr f shaggy/hairy-breech(es) (nickname); Ragnar Lobrkkr/Lobrk Ragnar Hairy Breeches [nickname from wearing pants made of hide] legendary hero of Ragnars saga lobrkkar/lobrkar, lok n lock, bolt; pl end; lia und(ir) lok die; til loks completely, lfi m palm of the hand; holr lfi open palm, lund f manner; mind, temper; essa lund in this manner, lfafrough, thick, matted hair; original nickname for Haraldr hrfagri [Fairhair]; see Haraldr, lka vb (II) [w dat] to close; end, conclude; shut, lta vb (II) to bend down, bow; lean, lykill m key, lysta <-ti, -tr> vb impers (2) [w acc subj] to desire, intend, wish to, lsa <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to light up, illuminate; proclaim, announce; impers shine, beam; lsa [e-u] proclaim [sth]; lsir af honum light shines from him, lgbergnlaw-rock (where the law was recited), mar m man; person, human being, makligr adj fitting, proper, becoming; deserving, mala vb (VI)to grind, mannbroddr m a crampon with iron attached to shoe for traction on ice; spike, manngi (also mangi) pron no man, nobody, margbreytinn adj fickle, capricious, unpredictable, margr adj [w sg] many a; [w pl] many, marka <-a-> vb (1) to mark, draw; fix; mark as ones property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer, observe; ar eptir mtt marka fegr hans accordingly, you can judge his beauty, mgr <-s, -ar> m brother-, father-, or son-in-law; kinsman, ml n speech, narrative, talk; language; saying; deliberation, discussion; case, matter, affair; [leg] suit, action, case, mli m contract, terms, agreement; ganga mla totake service as a soldier with a leader, mlmfeti (also mlfeti) m name for a horse; mlmfeti varrar horse pulled by an oar (kenning for ship), mlugr (also mligr) adj talkative, mnur (also mnar) m month, mr m gull, sea-gull, mstallrmstall of the sea-gull (kenning for sea), mttigr (also mttugr) adj powerful, mighty, me prep [w acc] with (in the sense of bringing, carrying, or forcing); [w dat] with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); sigla me landi sail along the coast; adv as well, with it, meal (also meal, meal)prep [w gen] among, between, mega pret-pres vb can, may; be able, meia <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to injure, hurt, damage; meiask mid become injured, hurt, damaged, meiri comp adj of mikill bigger, greater, more, men n necklace; pl treasures, merki n boundary; banner, standard; token, mark, sign, mestr superl adj of mikill biggest, tallest, greatest, meta vb (V) to evaluate, value; set a price, Michael ktalakts m Michael katalaktus (personal name), Mifjarar-Skeggi m Skeggi of Midfjord (personal name), MigarrmMidgard, the Middle Enclosure, Middle Earth, MigarsormrmMidgard Serpent, the serpent Jrmungandr that encircles the earth, mila <-a-> vb (1) to share, hand out; mila [e-t] vi [e-n] share [sth] with [sb], mir adj middle, mir-aptan m middle evening, six in the evening, mikill adj big, tall, great; much, very; mikill fyrir sr powerful, strong, mikinn adv hard, fast (m acc sg of adj mikill), Miklagarr m Miklagard (place name) the Great City, Constantinople, capital of the Greek Byzantine Empire; spelled in some editions Mikligarr, milli(also millum, milli and milli) prep [w gen] between, minna <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to remind; minna [e-n] [e-s] remind [sb] of [sth]; impers minnir mik I remember; mid [w gen] minnask remember, call to mind, minni comp adj of ltill littler, less, smaller, minnstr superl adj of ltill least, smallest, Mmisbrunnr m Mimisbrunn, the Well of Mimir, morginn (also morgunn) m morning; morginn tomorrow, mir f mother, murtt fkinsfolk on the mothers side of the family, mr m moor, heath, mti (also mti and mti) prep [w dat] towards; against; contrary to; in return, mttaka f resistance, defense, counter-attack; til mttku to a defense, to counter-attack, muna pret-pres vb toremember, call to mind, munu pret-pres vb will, shall; to be sure to, must (probability); would, must (in past tense), Mspellsheimr m Muspellsheim, the Land of Fire, Mrkjartan <-s> m Myrkjartan (personal name), mrr f moor, bog, swamp, mla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to say, speak; leg mla eptir [e-t]/[e-n] take up the prosecution for [sth]/[sb] (who was murdered or wronged); mla vi [e-n] speak to or with [sb], say to [sb]; mla me [e-m/e-u] recommend [sb/sth], mr f maid, girl, virgin, Mrr f region in West Norway, mgr m son, boy, Mrr m Mord (personal name), nau(r) f need, difficulty, distress; tla [e-t] til naua [e-m] intend [sth] as harm to [sb], n vb (2) [w dat] to reach, catch, overtake; get, obtain; [w inf] be able to, ntta <-a> vb (1) to become night, grow dark, nean adv from below, from beneath; without motion beneath, underneath, nefna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to name, call; mention [e-r nom] er nefndr [sb] is mentioned, nema vb (IV) to take; claim land; hear; learn, nema conj except, save, but; [w subjunct] unless, n conj nor; hvrkin neithernor; nn notnor, nir m son, kinsman, relative through marriage, Niflhel f Niflhel, Dark Hel, place for some dead, Nhggr m Nidhogg, the serpent which dwells in the spring Hvergelmir, ntjn num nineteen, njsn f news; spying, scouting, looking out, njta vb (II) to enjoy, Njrr m Njord, god of the sea, one of the Vanir, Normar m Northman, Norseman, Norwegian, Norri m Nordri (mythological name) North, dwarf who supports the heavens, Norrlnd n pl the Northern countries or region, Scandinavia, Nregr (also Norvegr or Noregr) <-s> m Norway, lit northern way or norvegr, norn f norn, one of the three fates; one of various supernatural females who shape peoples fates, Natn n Njords home, lit precinct of ships (na), i.e., sea, see Njrr, Nregr (also Noregr or Norvegr) <-s> m Norway, ntt (also ntt) f night; of nttina during the night, nr prep [w dat] near; adv almost, nearly; hv nr conj when; comp adv nearer, nst superl adv nearest, next; v nst thereupon, nkkurr adj pron any, anybody; some, a certain, of prep [w acc/dat] over, [of time] in, during; [w acc] of, about; adv too, ofan adv from above, down; downwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; [w gen] above the surface of, ofan til prep [w gen] down (from above) to, opt adv often, or n word; repute, fame, report; ru ori at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word, Orkneyjar f pl the Orkney Islands (place name), Ormr <-s> m Orm (personal name); Ormr inn augi Orm the Wealthy, ormr--auga n Snake-in-the-Eye (nickname), orrosta f battle; til orrostu to or for battle, orrostumar(pl orrostumenn) mwarrior, man of battle, otrgjldnpl wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead otter, Otters ransom, dll adj difficult, quarrelsome, stubborn, al n ancestral property, patrimony, allodium, property held in allodial tenure, r adj frantic; furious, vehement, jafnaarmar m an overbearing, unjust individual, lfr <-s> m Olaf (personal name); lfr pi Olaf the Peacock, r (also r) prep [w dat] out of, from, from inside of; made of, skorinn ppart uncut, unshorn, trligr adj unbelievable; unpredictable;suspicious, tta f last part of the night before dawn, pallr mstep; raised platform along the side(s) of a hall.
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