how did alexander graham bell invent the telephone

[174] He specifically wanted to see if selective breeding could produce sheep with four functional nipples with enough milk for twin lambs. On the evening of March 10, 1876, Watson heard Alecs voice emanating from the receiver in the next room, Mr. In 2006, Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Bell's patent was approved and officially registered on March 7, and three days later the famous call is said to have been made when Bell's summons to his assistant ("Mr Watson, come here. The first telephone had two parts: a transmitter and a receiver. In 1871, Bell invented a "harmonic telegraph," for which he received a patent. The word "hello," it appears, came straight from the fertile brain of the wizard of Menlo Park, N.J., who . Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Alexander Graham Bell was particularly interested in developing technology to assist the deaf community. In 1870 Bell and his family emigrated to Canada. In one memorable incident, the newly arrived Bells were walking down one of Baddeck's central streets when Bell peered into a storefront window and saw a frustrated shopkeeper fiddling with his problematic telephone. His primary source of income was from his work as an elocution expert. Perplexed by the peculiar results he had obtained during an examination of Garfield, Bell "proceeded to the Executive Mansion the next morning to ascertain from the surgeons whether they were perfectly sure that all metal had been removed from the neighborhood of the bed. Thus, by the mid-1880s his role in the telephone industry was marginal. Helping his father in Visible Speech demonstrations and lectures brought Bell to Susanna E. Hull's private school for the deaf in South Kensington, London. In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell and Tainter developed a device they called the "photophone," which transmitted sound on a beam of light. Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876, was a world-changing event which was also a breakthrough in communication. Mabel had become deaf at age five as a result of a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever. [35], Dismayed to find that groundbreaking work had already been undertaken by Helmholtz who had conveyed vowel sounds by means of a similar tuning fork "contraption", Bell pored over the German scientist's book. Sure enough, the U.S. government decided to weigh in and brought fraud charges against Alexander Graham Bell. Some hardships that Alexander Graham Bell faced were he had two brothers that died of tuberculosis. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (18451870) and Edward Charles Bell (18481867), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. Bell continued to work with his invention after he formed Bell Telephone Co on July 9, 1877. He urged the people who used his phone to say "hello" when answering . But Thomas Alva Edison coined the greeting. Bell quickly disassembled it and effected a repair, to the owner's amazement. In addition, Gray abandoned his caveat, and because he did not contest Bell's priority, the examiner approved Bell's patent on March 3, 1876. During his Volta Laboratory period, Bell and his associates considered impressing a magnetic field on a record as a means of reproducing sound. In June he demonstrated his telephone to the judges of the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, a test witnessed by Brazils Emperor Pedro II and the celebrated Scottish physicist Sir William Thomson. After the shooting of U.S. Pres. These so-called harmonic telegraphs used reeds or tuning forks that responded to specific acoustic frequencies. At the end of July, he began searching for Garfields bullet, but to no avail. Alexander Graham Bell was a remarkable man who overcame many obstacles in his life. Tomas Farley also writes that "Nearly every scholar agrees that Bell and Watson were the first to transmit intelligible speech by electrical means. The notion of transmitting a voice seemed too far-fetched and futuristic when the telegraph still reigned. [143], By 1885, a new summer retreat was contemplated. In the 1870s, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically. Both men rushed their respective designs for these prototype telephones to the patent office within hours of each other. Pinaud soon took over the boatyard at Bell Laboratories on Beinn Bhreagh, Bell's estate near Baddeck, Nova Scotia. While Italian innovator Antonio Meucci (pictured at left) is credited with inventing the first basic phone in 1849, and Frenchman Charles Bourseul devised a phone in 1854, Alexander Graham Bell won the first U.S. patent for the device in 1876. Bell's success came . [107][108], The Bell Telephone Company was created in 1877, and by 1886, more than 150,000 people in the U.S. owned telephones. In the last years of his life, as his final projects wound down, Bell and his wife, their extended family and friends, lived exclusively at their beloved Beinn Bhreagh. [157] The photophone was a precursor to the fiber-optic communication systems which achieved popular worldwide usage in the 1980s. [145] By 1889, a large house, christened The Lodge was completed and two years later, a larger complex of buildings, including a new laboratory,[146] were begun that the Bells would name Beinn Bhreagh (Gaelic: Beautiful Mountain) after Bell's ancestral Scottish highlands. The needle was connected by wire to the battery, and the battery was connected by wire to a receiver. On March 3, 1847, Alexander Graham Bell was born, the man who is credited in popular culture with the invention of the first working telephone. Since he had agreed to share U.S. profits with his investors Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, Bell requested that an associate in Ontario, George Brown, attempt to patent it in Britain, instructing his lawyers to apply for a patent in the U.S. only after they received word from Britain (Britain would issue patents only for discoveries not previously patented elsewhere). Bell's coffin was constructed of Beinn Bhreagh pine by his laboratory staff, lined with the same red silk fabric used in his tetrahedral kite experiments. Canada's first telephone company building, the "Henderson Home" of the late 1870s, a predecessor of the. After the hard work of Bell and his team, the first message of Alexander Graham Bell was delivered to his assistant Mr. Watson. Father of Prof. A. G. Bell Developed Sign Language for Mutes", "Before Inventing The Telephone, Alexander Graham Bell Tried To Teach His Dog To Talk", "Charles Sumner Tainter and the Graphophone", "Image 1 of Pamphlet by Alexander Graham Bell, 1898", "Alexander Graham Bell and His Role in Oral Education", "Alexander Graham Bell - Helpful or Harmful? Bell believed the photophone's principles were his life's "greatest achievement", telling a reporter shortly before his death that the photophone was "the greatest invention [I have] ever made, greater than the telephone". Pinaud's experience in boatbuilding enabled him to make useful design changes to the HD-4. That demonstrated to Bell that only one reed or armature was necessary, not multiple reeds. As publicity mounted, so did the pressure to get the telephone into production. The queen considered the process to be "quite extraordinary" although the sound was "rather faint". Their father, highly interested in their project, offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a "big prize" if they were successful. This plaque (on the right) is outside Alexander Graham Bells birthplace in Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. On 11 August 1877, Bell and his wife Mabel arrived in Britain from the USA on honeymoon. While Bell recovered (by then referring to himself in correspondence as "A. G. Bell") and served the next year as an instructor at Somerset College, Bath, England, his brother's condition deteriorated. He was born into a family of elocutionists and speech therapists, and he used his knowledge of anatomy and physiology to develop the telephone. Alexander (Graham was not added until he was 11) was born to Alexander Melville Bell and Eliza Grace Symonds. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [14] His father was Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace Bell (ne Symonds). Bell later shifted his attention to aerial technology. "[37][38][39][N 5]. However, you may not know that the man who invented the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) had another invention that used light to transmit sound. Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution, A History of Everyday Technology in 68 Quiz Questions, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Alexander Graham Bell, The Franklin Institute - Case Files: Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander Graham Bell - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Alexander Graham Bell - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), telephone: Alexander Graham Bell's sketch of a telephone, Alexander Graham Bell and the New York CityChicago telephone link, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic Society[11] and its magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898, until 1903. Through study and experimentation, Bell hypothesised that if sound waves could be converted into a fluctuating electric current, then that current could then be reconverted into sound waves identical to the original at the other end of the circuit. I want to see you.") confirmed that the invention worked. While days and evenings were occupied by his teaching and private classes, Bell began to stay awake late into the night, running experiment after experiment in rented facilities at his boarding house. Alexander was the founder of 'The Bell telephone Company', and in the same year he married Mabel Hubbard and went on a yearlong honeymoon travelling all around Europe. Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his "harmonic telegraph". Alexander made the telephone in 1876. At 12 years old, Bell invented a de-husking machine for his friend's family grain mill. The machine Bell built was used by that family for many years. At his Canadian estate in Nova Scotia, he experimented with composting toilets and devices to capture water from the atmosphere. [30] The rudimentary "mechanical man" simulated a human voice. [178] In the paper, Bell delved into social commentary and discussed hypothetical public policies to bring an end to deafness. At the age of eleven he chose to add the middle name. In 1865 the family moved to London. Bell considered the photophone "the greatest invention [he had] ever made, greater than the telephone." National Association of the Deaf (United States), Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf, Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy, his demonstration of an early telephone prototype, Learn how and when to remove this template message, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, Second International Congress of Eugenics, Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes, Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light", "Prizes for the Inventor: Some of the Problems Awaiting Solution", Bell Homestead National Historic Site of Canada, manual versus oral education for deaf children, "Particle Physics Resurrects Alexander Graham Bell's Voice", "Dr. Bell's Appreciation of the Telephone Service", "Alexander M. Bell Dead. It was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell Was a Prolific Inventor From a young age, Alexander Graham Bell showed a keen interest in the science of sound and how it could be used for communication. By the 1870s, telegraph wire connected cities across the globe. [84], Meanwhile, Elisha Gray was also experimenting with acoustic telegraphy and thought of a way to transmit speech using a water transmitter. [176], In November 1883, Bell presented a paper at a meeting of the National Academy of Sciences titled "Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race". Both Mabel and Bell became immersed in the Baddeck community and were accepted by the villagers as "their own". Learn how Alexander Graham Bell went to revolutionize telegraphy but instead invented the telephone. [175] This interest in animal breeding caught the attention of scientists focused on the study of heredity and genetics in humans. The telephone was soon adapted for commercial use, as telephone operators connected people by inserting plugs into the appropriate sockets. At an early age, he was enrolled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, which he left at the age of 15, having completed only the first four forms. When Bell spoke the sentence "Mr. WatsonCome hereI want to see you" into the liquid transmitter,[87] Watson, listening at the receiving end in an adjoining room, heard the words clearly. Alexander Graham Bell, one year younger than Lars Magnus Ericsson, had been born in Edinburgh. [91] After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use. [7], Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf; profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born American inventor and scientist. [79], In 1874, telegraph message traffic was rapidly expanding and in the words of Western Union President William Orton, had become "the nervous system of commerce". The AEA was first formed as Bell shared the vision to fly with his wife, who advised him to seek "young" help as Bell was at the age of 60.

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